A1
Parts of Speech
Learn the core word classes in English grammar — nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections.
48 lessonsStart questions →
Practice
GrammarQuestions
Interactive questions organised by grammar topic and CEFR level. Choose a category below to start practising.
4
Question Types
A1–C2
All CEFR Levels
100+
Topics
Question Types
Multiple Choice
Pick the correct answer
Fill in the Blank
Complete the sentence
Transform
Rewrite the sentence
Error Fix
Spot and fix the mistake
Browse by Grammar Topic
A1
Tenses
Master present, past, future, perfect, and continuous tenses with structured lessons and questions.
57 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Conditionals
Understand zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditional structures with real-world examples.
19 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Articles
Master definite articles, indefinite articles, and zero-article usage rules in English.
26 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Prepositions
Learn time, place, direction, and advanced preposition usage with clear rules and examples.
47 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Punctuation
Master commas, periods, quotation marks, semicolons, colons, and punctuation rules for writing.
26 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Sentence Structure
Understand how to build correct English sentences — from simple to complex structures.
62 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Modals
Learn modal auxiliary verbs — can, could, may, might, must, should, would — and their uses.
26 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Active and Passive Voice
Master voice transformations — when and how to use active and passive constructions.
31 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Direct and Indirect Speech
Master reported speech transformations — tense backshift, pronoun changes, and reporting verbs.
54 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Subject-Verb Agreement
Learn the rules for matching subjects and verbs correctly in all sentence types.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Determiners
Understand words that introduce nouns — articles, possessives, demonstratives, and quantifiers.
24 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Clauses
Learn independent and dependent clauses, relative clauses, and clause types in English.
24 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Phrases
Understand noun phrases, verb phrases, adverbial phrases, and how they function in sentences.
21 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Word Order
Master the correct order of subjects, verbs, objects, and adverbials in English sentences — the key to natural, grammatical writing.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Simple Sentences
Learn how to build correct simple sentences using a subject and verb — the essential foundation of English grammar.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A1
There is / There are
Learn how to use 'there is' and 'there are' to describe the existence of people, animals, and things in English.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Objects in Sentences
Understand direct and indirect objects and how to add extra information and detail to English sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Giving Opinions
Learn key grammar structures for expressing opinions — 'I think', 'I believe', 'In my opinion', 'should' — in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Paraphrasing
Rewrite ideas using different words and structures while keeping the same meaning — an essential skill for academic writing.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Describing Data
Use noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositions, and approximations to describe graphs, charts, and statistical information in English.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Nouns
Learn naming words — common, proper, countable, uncountable, and collective nouns.
17 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Pronouns
Master personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, and demonstrative pronouns.
11 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Verbs
Understand action, stative, linking verbs and verb forms in English grammar.
26 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Adjectives
Learn descriptive words — types, order, comparatives, and superlatives.
16 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Adverbs
Master adverbs of manner, time, place, frequency, and degree.
16 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Conjunctions
Learn coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions for connecting ideas.
15 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Interjections
Understand interjections — words expressing emotion used in speech and informal writing.
6 lessonsStart questions →
A1
The Verb Be
Master am, is, and are in statements, negatives, questions, and short answers — the foundation of English grammar.
14 lessonsStart questions →
A1
The Imperative
Learn how to form and use imperative sentences to give instructions, commands, directions, and advice in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Phrasal Verbs
Learn phrasal verbs — verb + particle combinations like give up, look after, and turn on — and how they change meaning in English.
16 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Infinitives of Purpose
Use 'to' + infinitive to express purpose and reason — explaining why someone does something in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Gerunds and Infinitives
Master when to use gerunds (-ing) and infinitives (to + verb) after verbs, adjectives, and prepositions in English.
14 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Subject Pronouns
Learn the English subject pronouns — I, you, he, she, it, we, they — and how to use them correctly in sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Singular and Plural Nouns
Learn how to form regular and irregular plurals in English — rules for -s, -es, -ies, -ves, and completely irregular forms like child/children and mouse/mice.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Understand the difference between countable and uncountable nouns and how each affects articles, quantifiers, and verbs.
14 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Nouns with Dependent Prepositions
Learn which prepositions follow specific nouns — like advantage of, effect on, and interest in — for accurate academic and everyday English.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Comparative Adjectives
Form and use comparative adjectives with -er and more to compare two people, places, or things in English.
14 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Superlative Adjectives
Form and use superlative adjectives with -est and most to describe the highest or lowest degree of a quality.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Adverbs of Frequency
Use adverbs of frequency — always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never — to describe how often actions happen in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Adverbs: already, just, yet and still
Use 'already', 'just', 'yet', and 'still' correctly in statements and questions, especially with the present perfect tense.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Adverbs of Degree
Use adverbs of degree — very, quite, rather, extremely, fairly, too — to modify adjectives and other adverbs for precise meaning.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Connecting Ideas
Use basic connectors — and, also, too, but, however — to link sentences and ideas clearly in spoken and written English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Because and So
Use 'because' to give reasons and 'so' to express results — two essential connectors for clear English writing and speech.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Combining Sentences
Combine ideas using and, or, but, whereas, both, and neither to create more varied and expressive sentences in English.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Cause and Effect Connectors
Express causes and effects using 'because', 'because of', 'as a result', 'therefore', and other cause-and-effect signals in writing and speech.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Can and Cannot
Use 'can' and 'cannot' to express ability, possibility, and permission in present and future contexts.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Can and Be Able To
Compare 'can' and 'be able to' — understand when to use each for ability in present, past, and future contexts.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Have to / Has to
Express obligation and necessity using 'have to' and 'has to' in affirmative, negative, and question forms.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Should
Use 'should' to give and ask for advice, express opinions, and describe what is expected or the right thing to do.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Making Suggestions
Use 'should', 'could', 'why don't we', 'how about', and 'let's' to make and respond to suggestions in spoken and written English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Modals of Necessity
Express strong necessity and obligation with 'must', 'have to', and 'need to' — and understand the differences between them.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Modals for Obligation, Prohibition and Advice
Use 'must', 'mustn't', 'should', 'ought to', and 'had better' to express obligation, prohibition, and advice clearly in English.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Modal Verbs for Future Possibility
Use 'may', 'might', and 'could' to express degrees of future possibility and uncertainty in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Noun Phrases
Learn how to build and use noun phrases with 'of' to describe relationships, quantities, and possession in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Prepositional Phrases
Understand how prepositional phrases work as adjective or adverb phrases to add meaning and detail to sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Adjective Phrases
Understand how adjective phrases are formed and used to modify nouns and add description and detail in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Verb Phrases
Learn how verb phrases are constructed — main verb plus auxiliaries and modifiers — and how they express tense, aspect, voice, and modality.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Adverb Phrases
Understand adverb phrases — groups of words built around an adverb — and how they modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs to add precision to sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Gerund Phrases
Master gerund phrases — an -ing verb form plus its complements — and how they function as subjects, objects, and complements in English sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Infinitive Phrases
Learn infinitive phrases — to + verb plus any complements — and how they function as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs in English sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Participial Phrases
Use participial phrases — present or past participle plus complements — to add descriptive information about nouns, making writing more concise and varied.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Absolute Phrases
Use absolute phrases — a noun or pronoun plus a participle and any modifiers — to add contextual detail to a sentence without a subordinating conjunction.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Multi-Word Prepositions
Use multi-word prepositions — in addition to, as a result of, in spite of, with regard to — to combine and connect ideas in academic writing.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Appositives
Learn how to use appositives — noun phrases placed next to a noun to rename or describe it — with correct comma usage and defining versus non-defining distinctions.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Present Simple Tense
Master the simple present for habits, routines, facts, schedules, states, negatives, questions, and short answers.
20 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Present Continuous Tense
Use am/is/are + -ing for actions happening now, temporary situations, future plans, and changing trends.
18 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Past Simple Tense
Master regular and irregular past forms for completed actions, narratives, and time-specific events.
20 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Past Continuous Tense
Use was/were + -ing to describe ongoing past actions, background settings, and simultaneous past events.
14 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Future Simple (will)
Use 'will' to make predictions, decisions, promises, and offers about the future — one of the most important future structures in English.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Be Going To Future
Use 'be going to' for intentions, plans already decided, and predictions based on present evidence.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Present Continuous for Future
Use the present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) to talk about fixed arrangements and plans in the near future.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Future Forms
Express future meaning using 'will', 'be going to', the present continuous for plans, and predictions in English.
16 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Present Simple for Future
Use the present simple to talk about scheduled or timetabled future events — trains, flights, events with fixed times.
8 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Present and Past Simple Review
Consolidate and contrast the present simple and past simple tenses through focused review questions.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Present Perfect Tense
Connect past experience to the present using have/has + past participle with ever, never, just, already, and yet.
18 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Present Perfect Continuous
Describe actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have recently stopped, using have/has been + -ing.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Would for Past Habits
Use 'would + infinitive' to describe repeated past habits and routines — similar to 'used to' but only for actions, not states.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
State Verbs and Continuous Tenses
Understand why stative verbs (know, believe, love, want) cannot normally be used in continuous forms and which verbs can be both stative and dynamic.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Time Expressions with Tenses
Match the right time expressions to the right tenses — ago, since, for, yesterday, already, yet, by, until — for accurate and natural English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Still / Ever / Never
Use 'still', 'ever', and 'never' correctly in statements, questions, and negative sentences — especially with the present perfect tense.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Future Continuous
Use will be + -ing to describe actions that will be in progress at a specific future time, or to make polite enquiries.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Past Perfect Tense
Use had + past participle to describe an action completed before another past action — the tense that goes one step further back in time.
14 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Past Perfect Continuous
Describe actions in progress before a past point using the past perfect continuous.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Future Perfect
Express actions that will be completed before a specific future point.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Future Perfect Continuous
Describe the duration of an action up to a future moment.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Future in the Past
Use 'would' and 'was/were going to' to describe something that was expected or planned in the past but relates to a future time from that past point.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Sequence of Tenses
Understand how tenses change in complex sentences, reported speech, and conditional clauses to maintain logical time relationships.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Conditional Tenses
Review all conditional tense forms — zero, first, second, third, and mixed — focusing on the verb patterns in each conditional type.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Active and Passive Forms of Tenses
Compare active and passive forms across all major tenses — from present simple to future perfect — in one comprehensive review.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Mixed Tenses Review
Consolidate all major tenses through contrast questions and mixed-tense analysis.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Narrative Tenses
Use past simple, continuous, and perfect together to tell stories accurately.
8 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Zero Conditional
Express general truths, scientific facts, and automatic results using if/when + present simple in both clauses.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Unless and Conditionals
Use 'unless' and 'if … not' in conditional sentences to express exceptions, warnings, and negative conditions.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
First Conditional
Express real, possible future situations using if + present simple and will + infinitive.
16 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Second Conditional
Describe imaginary or unlikely situations using if + past simple and would + infinitive.
16 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Mixed Conditionals
Combine if-clauses from different time frames — past conditions with present results.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Advanced Second Conditional
Explore advanced and inverted uses of the second conditional structure.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Advanced Third Conditional
Deepen understanding of the third conditional and its hypothetical past uses.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Conditional Alternatives
Learn unless, provided that, as long as, supposing, and other conditional forms.
8 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Modal Verbs
Master can, could, may, might, must, should, and would for ability, permission, obligation, and probability.
20 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Modals of Deduction
Use must, can't, could, might to express certainty and deduction about events.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Past Modals
Master should have, could have, might have, and would have structures.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Advanced Obligation Modals
Distinguish must, have to, need to, ought to and their negative and past forms.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Probability Modals
Express degrees of probability using will, should, may, might, and could.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Active Voice
Understand the active voice — where the subject performs the action — and when to prefer it over the passive for clarity and directness.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Passive Voice
Learn to form and use the passive voice across all tenses to shift focus from the doer to the action or result.
18 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Changing Active to Passive
Learn the step-by-step process of converting active sentences to passive across all tenses, with and without an agent.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Passive with Different Tenses
Form the passive voice correctly in all tenses — present, past, future, perfect, and continuous — with clear examples.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Passive Questions
Form passive questions correctly across tenses — Was it built? Has it been finished? Will it be announced? — without common word-order errors.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Passive Negative Sentences
Form passive negatives correctly — was not built, has not been finished, will not be approved — across all major tenses.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Agent in Passive Voice
Understand when to include and when to omit the agent (by + noun) in passive sentences, and how it changes emphasis and formality.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Passive with Modal Verbs
Combine modal verbs with the passive — must be done, should be checked, could have been avoided — for obligation, advice, and speculation.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Impersonal Passive
Use impersonal passive structures — It is said that…, It is believed that…, It is reported that… — common in formal, journalistic, and academic English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Causative Passive
Use have/get + object + past participle to describe services arranged or caused — I had my car repaired. She got her hair done.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Stative vs Dynamic Passive
Distinguish between dynamic passives (describing actions: The window was broken) and stative passives (describing states: The window is broken).
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Passive with Two Objects
Form passives from verbs with two objects — give, send, offer, show — choosing which object becomes the passive subject.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Active vs Passive Usage Rules
Master when to use active voice (direct, personal, dynamic) and when passive is preferred (formal, impersonal, unknown agent).
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Passive with Reporting Verbs
Use it is said that, he is believed to, they are thought to in formal writing.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Passive Infinitives
Form and use passive infinitive structures — to be done, to have been done.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Passive Gerunds
Understand passive gerund forms — being done, having been done — and their uses.
6 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Advanced Passive Structures
Master complex passive constructions across all tenses and modal forms.
8 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Articles: a, an and the
Master when to use a, an, the, or no article at all — the rules every English learner needs.
20 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Zero Article
Learn when to use NO article in English — with plural nouns, uncountable nouns, proper nouns, and fixed expressions.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Time Clauses
Use time clauses with 'when', 'while', 'before', 'after', and 'as soon as' to describe sequences and simultaneous actions.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
That Clauses
Use 'that' clauses after verbs of thinking, believing, feeling, and reporting to express ideas and reported speech.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Relative Clauses
Use who, which, that, whose, where, and when to add information about people, things, and places.
18 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reduced Relative Clauses
Reduce relative clauses using present and past participles for concise writing.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Participle Clauses
Use present and past participle clauses to add information concisely.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Advanced Relative Clauses
Master defining and non-defining relative clauses with all relative pronouns.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Inversion After Negative Adverbials
Use inverted word order after never, rarely, not only, no sooner, and similar adverbials.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Discourse Markers
Organise ideas and improve text cohesion using discourse markers in formal writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Advanced Linking Words
Master a wide range of linking words and phrases for academic and formal English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Contrast and Concession
Express contrast using although, even though, despite, in spite of, whereas, and while.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Formal Connectors
Use formal connectors and transitional phrases for academic essays and professional writing.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Inversion
Master all types of inversion — after negative adverbials, with conditionals, and for emphasis.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Cleft Sentences
Use it-clefts and wh-clefts to emphasise specific parts of a sentence in formal writing.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Ellipsis and Substitution
Avoid repetition using ellipsis and substitution — key cohesion devices in advanced English.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Fronting
Front elements of a sentence for emphasis and stylistic effect in spoken and written English.
6 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Formal and Informal Register
Distinguish and switch between formal and informal register appropriately in different contexts.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Nominalisation
Convert verbs and adjectives into nouns to create formal, academic, and professional writing style.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Hedging Language
Use hedging verbs, modal expressions, and phrases to express caution and uncertainty in academic writing.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Cohesion Devices
Use a full range of cohesion devices — reference, substitution, ellipsis, and lexical chains.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Discourse Management
Manage extended discourse with signposting, topic management, and coherent paragraph organisation.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Emphasis Structures
Use do-inversion, clefts, fronting, and intensifiers to create emphasis in C1-level English.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Complex Sentence Patterns
Combine multiple clauses and phrases to produce complex, varied sentence structures.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Concession Structures
Express concession using however, nevertheless, yet, while, and despite the fact that in formal contexts.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Nuanced Modal Meanings
Understand subtle distinctions between modal verbs — permission, ability, deduction, and volition.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Speculation and Deduction
Use a full range of modals and expressions to speculate about past, present, and future events.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Inversion with Conditionals
Use inverted conditional structures — were it not, had it not been, should you need — in formal English.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Conditional Patterns
Master complex conditional structures including wish, if only, and imagined past/present scenarios.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Complex Participle Clauses
Use complex participle clause structures for concision in formal written and academic English.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Relative Clause Reduction
Reduce and simplify relative clauses in formal contexts using participles and infinitives.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Statements
Convert direct statements into reported speech using that-clauses, tense backshift, and pronoun changes.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Questions
Transform direct questions into indirect reported questions — word order changes, no auxiliary inversion, that-clauses.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Yes/No Questions
Report yes/no questions using whether or if, with correct word order and no question mark.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting WH Questions
Report wh-questions using the original question word and affirmative word order: She asked where I lived.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Commands
Report commands and instructions using tell/order/instruct + object + to-infinitive with tense and pronoun changes.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Requests
Report polite requests using ask/request + object + to-infinitive and recognise the difference from commands.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Suggestions
Report suggestions using suggest + -ing, suggest + that-clause, and other reporting verb patterns for recommendations.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Advice
Report advice using advise, recommend, urge + object + to-infinitive or advise + that-clause patterns.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Warnings
Report warnings using warn + object + not to-infinitive and warn + that-clause — essential for academic and formal writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Invitations
Report invitations using invite/ask + object + to-infinitive and understand how to soften or make invitations more formal.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Tense Changes in Reported Speech
Master the system of tense changes in reported speech — when backshift applies and when it can be avoided.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Backshift of Tenses
Learn the complete backshift table: present → past, past → past perfect, will → would, can → could, and more.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Present Tenses
Report present simple and present continuous statements with correct backshift to past simple and past continuous.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Past Tenses
Report past simple and past continuous statements with backshift to past perfect and past perfect continuous.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Future Forms
Report will, going to, and present continuous future by changing to would, was/were going to, and was/were + -ing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reporting Modal Verbs
Report modal verbs correctly: will → would, can → could, may → might, must → had to, shall → should.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reporting Perfect Tenses
Report present perfect and past perfect tenses — understanding when backshift applies and when it does not change.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Time Changes in Reported Speech
Convert time expressions: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, last year → the previous year.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Place Changes in Reported Speech
Convert place expressions: here → there, this room → that room, come → go — with practical examples from real contexts.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Pronoun Changes in Reported Speech
Change pronouns correctly: I → he/she, we → they, my → his/her — one of the most common sources of error in reported speech.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Demonstrative Changes in Reported Speech
Convert this → that, these → those, and understand how demonstratives shift perspective in indirect speech.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Introduction to Reporting Verbs
Learn the most common reporting verbs — say, tell, ask, explain, answer — and their grammatical patterns.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Reporting Verbs
Use a wide range of reporting verbs — argue, insist, deny, acknowledge, imply — with correct patterns.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reporting Verbs for Advice and Suggestions
Use advise, suggest, recommend, urge, encourage + correct patterns to report advice and suggestions accurately.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reporting Verbs for Opinions and Claims
Use claim, argue, believe, maintain, assert, contend + that-clause to attribute opinions and arguments to specific people.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Reporting Verbs in Academic English
Use academic reporting verbs — state, argue, demonstrate, highlight, suggest — correctly in essays, reports, and dissertations.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Mixed Tenses in Reported Speech
Report complex sentences that mix tenses and understand when backshift is optional or when the meaning would change.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reported Speech in Conversations
Report informal conversations naturally — choosing the right reporting verb, tense, and register for everyday spoken English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reported Speech in News Reporting
Use reported speech in journalistic writing — attribution, reporting verbs, and the conventions of news-style indirect speech.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Reported Speech in Academic Writing
Integrate sources correctly in academic writing using reported speech — paraphrase, summary, and attribution with appropriate verbs.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Formal vs Informal Reporting
Choose the appropriate register when reporting speech — formal structures for academic/business contexts vs natural structures in conversation.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Passive Structures in Reported Speech
Use passive reported speech — It is said that, He is believed to, They are reported to have — in formal and journalistic English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Reporting Hypothetical Statements
Report conditional and hypothetical statements accurately — managing if-clauses, would, could, might in reported contexts.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Common Mistakes in Reported Speech
Identify and correct the most frequent reported speech errors — wrong tense, wrong pronoun, incorrect word order in reported questions.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Common Tense Errors in Reported Speech
Fix the most common tense errors: forgetting backshift, wrong perfect form, incorrect modal change.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Common Pronoun Errors in Reported Speech
Correct pronoun mistakes: keeping I/we/you unchanged instead of shifting to he/she/they/I appropriately.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Common Reporting Verb Mistakes
Avoid errors with reporting verbs — wrong pattern after say/tell, incorrect preposition, wrong infinitive or gerund form.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Everyday Reported Speech
Report everyday conversations informally and naturally — the way native speakers actually use reported speech in daily life.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Conversations Naturally
Use natural spoken reporting patterns — dropping that, optional tense changes, discourse markers like apparently and supposedly.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Phone Conversations
Report phone call content accurately — who said what, key information given, and appropriate use of say, tell, ask, and explain.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Reporting Questions Politely
Use indirect questions to ask politely: Could you tell me…? Do you know…? I was wondering whether… — and report what someone asked.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C1
Advanced Passive Reporting Structures
Use passive reporting structures — it is alleged that, she is understood to have — in formal contexts.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Stylistic Inversion
Use stylistic inversion for literary and rhetorical effect in mastery-level written English.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Rhetorical Question Structures
Deploy rhetorical questions strategically in argument, persuasion, and academic discourse.
6 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Idiomatic Grammar Patterns
Recognise and use native-like idiomatic grammar patterns that go beyond standard rule application.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Native-Like Emphasis Structures
Produce emphasis with the full range of native-speaker structures — clefts, fronting, do-support, inversion.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Complex Nominalisation
Use complex noun phrases and nominalisation chains in academic, legal, and formal registers.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Register Shifting
Shift seamlessly between registers — formal, neutral, informal, technical — in production and comprehension.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Sophisticated Cohesion Devices
Apply the full system of cohesion — anaphora, cataphora, lexical chains, ellipsis — at mastery level.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Parallel Structures
Construct parallel grammatical structures for rhetoric, clarity, and stylistic impact.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Formal Academic Syntax
Master the syntax conventions of academic English — complex clauses, passive constructions, and hedging.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Pragmatic Structures
Understand how grammar encodes pragmatic meaning — implicature, politeness, and indirect speech acts.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Concession and Contrast
Express concession and contrast with precision using the full range of C2-level connectors and structures.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Reference and Substitution
Use referential and substitution devices to create seamless, sophisticated written and spoken discourse.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Mastery-Level Sentence Manipulation
Transform, combine, and restructure sentences with native-like flexibility across all grammatical domains.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Discourse Features
Produce and analyse extended discourse with full control of macro-structure and micro-cohesion.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Advanced Ellipsis
Use all forms of ellipsis — clausal, verbal, nominal — with precision in formal and informal contexts.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Academic Hedging and Precision
Combine hedging language and precise vocabulary to write nuanced, authoritative academic prose.
10 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Subtle Modal Distinctions
Master fine-grained distinctions between modal verbs at the level of a proficient near-native speaker.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Nuanced Conditional Variations
Use the full range of conditional patterns including literary, formal, and implicit conditionals.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Complex Embedded Clauses
Produce and interpret deeply embedded clause structures in formal written and academic English.
8 lessonsStart questions →
C2
Highly Formal Reporting Structures
Use the most formal reporting and attribution structures found in academic, legal, and journalistic writing.
8 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Prepositions of Place
Master at, in, on, under, between, behind, and next to for describing location and position in English.
16 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Prepositions of Time
Use at, in, on, since, for, during, by, and until correctly to express time relationships in English.
16 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Prepositions of Movement
Learn to, towards, through, across, along, into, and out of to describe direction and movement in sentences.
14 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Prepositions After Adjectives
Master adjective + preposition combinations — afraid of, interested in, good at, responsible for, and more.
14 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Prepositions After Verbs
Learn essential verb + preposition collocations — depend on, apologize for, agree with, result in, and others.
16 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Complex Prepositions
Use multi-word prepositions — despite, because of, due to, in addition to, as a result of — in formal writing.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Commas
Master comma rules — listing items, joining clauses, after introductory phrases, and setting off non-essential information.
16 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Apostrophes
Use apostrophes correctly for contractions (don't, it's) and possessives (Tom's, the team's) in English writing.
14 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Semicolons and Colons
Use semicolons to join related independent clauses and colons to introduce lists, explanations, and quotations.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Quotation Marks
Use quotation marks correctly for direct speech, titles, and special terms in both American and British English conventions.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Hyphens and Dashes
Distinguish hyphens in compound words from en dashes in ranges and em dashes for parenthetical statements in formal writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Basic Subject-Verb Agreement
Learn the foundational rules for matching singular and plural subjects with the correct present tense verb form.
14 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Collective Nouns Agreement
Decide whether collective nouns — team, family, government, group — take singular or plural verbs in context.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Indefinite Pronouns Agreement
Use everyone, nobody, something, each, either, and neither with singular or plural verbs following the rules.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Agreement with Either and Neither
Master either/or and neither/nor agreement — when to use singular or plural verbs in complex sentence patterns.
8 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Complex Agreement Patterns
Handle subject-verb agreement in sentences with inverted order, relative clauses, and intervening phrases.
8 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Possessive Determiners
Use my, your, his, her, its, our, and their to show possession and reference in English sentences.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A1
Demonstrative Determiners
Use this, that, these, and those to indicate nearness, distance, and reference to previously mentioned items.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Quantifiers: all, some, any
Use all, some, any, no, and every with countable and uncountable nouns to express amounts and quantities.
14 lessonsStart questions →
A2
much, many, few and little
Master much/many/few/little/fewer/less to express quantity with countable and uncountable nouns accurately.
14 lessonsStart questions →
B1
each, every, either and neither
Use distributive determiners each, every, either, and neither with singular nouns to express individual reference.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Sentence Fragments
Identify and fix incomplete sentences that lack a subject, a verb, or a complete thought — a common error in student writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Run-on Sentences
Recognise and correct run-on sentences — two or more independent clauses joined incorrectly without proper punctuation or a conjunction.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Conciseness
Write more clearly and efficiently by cutting unnecessary words, avoiding wordiness, and expressing ideas in the fewest words possible without losing meaning.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Redundancy
Identify and eliminate redundant words and phrases — saying the same thing twice — to produce cleaner, more professional English writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Comma Splices
Understand and correct comma splices — the error of joining two independent clauses with only a comma — using conjunctions, semicolons, or full stops.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Parentheses and Brackets
Use parentheses () and square brackets [] correctly to add supplementary information, clarifications, and editorial insertions in formal and academic English writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Parallelism
Use the same grammatical form for equal elements in a sentence — coordinate verbs, nouns, phrases, and clauses with balanced parallel structure.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Identify and correct misplaced modifiers (wrong position) and dangling modifiers (no clear noun to modify) to write precise, unambiguous English sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B2
Cohesion and Coherence
Link sentences and paragraphs with cohesive devices — pronouns, connectors, lexical chains — and ensure a logical, unified flow of ideas throughout a text.
12 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Affect vs Effect
Distinguish between affect (verb — to influence) and effect (noun — a result), two of the most commonly confused words in English writing.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Used To / Be Used To / Get Used To
Master the three 'used to' structures: used to + infinitive for past habits, be used to + -ing for familiarity, and get used to + -ing for becoming accustomed to something.
12 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Say vs Tell
Learn the key difference between say (not followed by a person) and tell (always followed by a person), including common fixed expressions used with both verbs.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Since vs For
Use since with a specific point in time (since 2020) and for with a duration (for three years) to express how long something has been happening in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Much vs Many
Learn when to use much (with uncountable nouns) and many (with countable nouns) to talk about large quantities in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Few vs A Few
Understand the difference between few (almost none — negative) and a few (some — positive) with countable nouns in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Little vs A Little
Learn the difference between little (almost none — negative) and a little (some — positive) when used with uncountable nouns in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Some vs Any
Master when to use some (affirmative sentences and offers) and any (questions and negatives) with both countable and uncountable nouns in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
A2
Make vs Do
Learn the difference between make (creating or producing something) and do (performing an activity or task) with common fixed collocations in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
During vs While
Use during (followed by a noun phrase) and while (followed by a subject + verb clause) to describe simultaneous events or time periods in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
Like vs As
Distinguish between like (preposition — similar to) and as (conjunction — in the same way that / role) to make accurate comparisons and describe roles in English.
10 lessonsStart questions →
B1
So vs Such
Learn how to use so (followed by an adjective or adverb) and such (followed by a noun phrase) for emphasis and expressing degree in English sentences.
10 lessonsStart questions →
Complete Coverage
Four Question Types. Every Grammar Topic.
Every lesson includes multiple choice, fill-in-the-blanks, sentence transformation, and error correction — designed to take you from recognition to confident, accurate use.